Diesel Particulate Matter in Mining

Load-haul-dump vehicles and underground haul trucks operating in decline and ramp systems generate the highest DPM concentrations in underground mines. Engine load factors during uphill haulage peak at 70-100% of rated power, producing maximum particulate emissions in the confined airway. Workers in LHD cabins, at truck loading points, and in decline refuge areas face chronic elevated exposure.

Jumbos, charge-up vehicles, boggers, and agitator trucks operating sequentially in development headings create sustained DPM exposure for the development crew. Auxiliary ventilation duct systems may not provide sufficient fresh air to dilute DPM below the incoming WEL, particularly in long development drives exceeding 200 metres from the last ventilation junction.

Underground workshops where diesel equipment is started, idled, and tested for maintenance and repair concentrate DPM in low-ventilation areas. Mechanics, electricians, and fitters working on diesel equipment in workshops face both acute and chronic DPM exposure from engine running during diagnostics and after repair testing.

Charge-up vehicles (ANFO loaders and emulsion pumpers) are typically diesel-powered and operate in dead-end development faces with limited ventilation. The charge-up crew works in close proximity to the running engine for extended periods while loading explosives into blast holes. Re-entry after blasting introduces residual DPM from pre-blast vehicle activity combined with blast fume gases.

Typical Worker Groups

Common similar exposure groups (SEGs) assessed for this sub-category.

Regulatory Context

Safe Work Australia adopted a WEL of 0.01 mg/m³ for diesel particulate matter (measured as elemental carbon) effective 1 December 2026. This is a significant reduction from the previously guidance-only level of 0.1 mg/m³ used in some jurisdictions. State mines inspectorates require DPM monitoring as part of principal hazard management plans for underground mines. Mines must demonstrate a DPM management plan that includes fleet emissions testing, ventilation modelling, maintenance scheduling, and personal exposure monitoring. DMIRS in WA and RSHQ in QLD have both issued guidance on transitioning to the new WEL.