OH Consultant
Australia Mining/Perth

Welding Fume in Mining WorkshopsPerth

Western Australia's FIFO mining operations maintain large workshop and field welding workforces at remote mine sites across the Pilbara, Goldfields, and Mid West. Perth is the base for occupational hygiene providers and welding engineering consultancies supporting mine site compliance with the incoming 1 mg/m³ WEL for welding fume.

4 Key Hazards Monitored

Perth Local Context

FIFO mine site workshops in the Pilbara and Goldfields operate heavy fabrication programmes for mobile equipment maintenance, with bucket rebuilds, chassis repairs, and hardfacing running across day and night shifts. Tens of thousands of FIFO workers fly from Perth to remote sites on 2/1, 8/6, and 4/1 roster patterns — health monitoring programmes are managed from Perth offices but delivered on remote sites by visiting occupational hygienists. The remote location means workshop ventilation infrastructure is often basic compared to urban fabrication facilities. Field welding on haul trucks and excavators at breakdown locations is performed in open or semi-enclosed conditions where portable fume extraction is the only practical engineering control. The rapidly growing lithium mining sector at Greenbushes and Pilgangoora adds processing plant fabrication and maintenance welding. The incoming WEL reduction is driving investment in workshop LEV upgrades and on-torch extraction equipment across WA mining operations.

WorkSafe WA / Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety (DMIRS) Enforcement

Work Health and Safety (Mines) Regulations 2022, Work Health and Safety Act 2020 (WA), Welding Processes Code of Practice 2019

Category 1 offence: up to $3.5M for a body corporate

Category 1 individual: up to $350,000 or 5 years imprisonment

Improvement notices for inadequate workshop ventilation and fume extraction

DMIRS audit findings on welding fume monitoring gaps at mine site workshops

Major Project Types in Perth

Pilbara iron ore mine site workshop welding programmes
Goldfields underground mine maintenance welding
Processing plant shutdown and turnaround welding campaigns
Lithium and battery minerals processing plant fabrication
Port and rail infrastructure maintenance welding

Key Hazards

Primary exposure hazards requiring monitoring in Perth.

Workshop welding and fabrication

weld

Mine site workshops handle heavy fabrication tasks including bucket rebuilds, chassis repairs, structural steelwork, and pipe fabrication. Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) are the dominant processes. Workshop ventilation is often inadequate for the volume of welding performed, particularly in enclosed bay areas where multiple welders operate simultaneously.

Field welding on mobile equipment

weld

Repair welding on haul trucks, excavators, loaders, and dozers occurs at breakdown locations across the mine site where fixed ventilation is unavailable. Welders work inside truck trays, excavator booms, and loader buckets where fume accumulates in semi-enclosed spaces. Natural ventilation varies with wind speed and direction, creating unpredictable exposure conditions.

Hardfacing and wear plate application

weld

Hardfacing wear-resistant alloys onto bucket lips, crusher liners, and chute liners generates fume containing chromium, manganese, and other alloying elements at higher concentrations than standard mild steel welding. Continuous hardfacing operations can run for full shifts, producing sustained high fume exposure for the welder and nearby trades.

Shutdown and turnaround welding

weld

Planned shutdowns at processing plants, mills, and crushing circuits concentrate large numbers of welders and boilermakers in confined plant areas for intensive repair campaigns. Multiple welding processes operating simultaneously in adjacent areas create cumulative fume exposure for all workers in the shutdown zone, including non-welding trades performing concurrent mechanical and electrical work.

Common Analytes

Substances typically included in occupational hygiene sampling proposals for this sub-category.

AnalyteCASRelevance
Welding Fume (total, inhalable)Current WES 5 mg/m³ TWA, transitioning to 1 mg/m³ inhalable from December 2026. Gravimetric analysis on PVC membrane filter.
Manganese (Mn)7439-96-5WES 1 mg/m³ TWA (inhalable). Neurotoxic component present in mild steel and hardfacing welding fume at 5-15% of total fume mass.
Hexavalent Chromium Cr(VI)18540-29-9WES 0.05 mg/m³ TWA. IARC Group 1 carcinogen generated during stainless steel and hardfacing alloy welding.
Nickel (Ni)7440-02-0WES 1 mg/m³ TWA (inhalable). Present in stainless steel, high-nickel alloy, and some hardfacing consumable fumes.
Zinc Oxide (as Zn)1314-13-2WES 2 mg/m³ TWA (respirable). Generated when welding or cutting galvanised steel. Causes metal fume fever at elevated exposures.

Typical Worker Groups

Common similar exposure groups (SEGs) assessed for this sub-category.

Workshop welders and boilermakersField service welders (mobile equipment repair)Hardfacing operatorsWelding supervisorsGrinding and cutting operators (pre- and post-weld)Shutdown welding crewsNearby trades in workshop or shutdown zone

Regulatory Context

Safe Work Australia's Welding Processes Code of Practice (2019) requires all welding fume to be captured at source or controlled below the WES using engineering controls as the primary measure. From 1 December 2026, the WES for welding fume (not otherwise specified) reduces from 5 mg/m³ to 1 mg/m³ inhalable fraction. This five-fold reduction will require mining operations to invest in local exhaust ventilation systems for workshop welding and on-torch extraction for field welding. Health monitoring is required for workers with significant exposure to welding fume, including respiratory function testing. State mines inspectorates incorporate welding fume compliance into maintenance and workshop inspection programmes.

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